Nutrition and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Dietary Factors in the Expression of Typical Behaviors Associated with ADHD

Abstract

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects millions of children in the United States, and while behavioral therapy and medication remain the primary treatments, growing research suggests that nutrition, specifically omega-3 fatty acids, may influence symptom expression. This paper explores how omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies contribute to common ADHD behaviors such as impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity. Drawing on historical dietary research, including the Feingold Diet, and modern studies on essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism, the paper outlines biological mechanisms linking omega-3 levels to neurotransmitter function, inflammation, and executive functioning. Public health findings further indicate that children with ADHD show a higher prevalence of EFA deficiency, potentially due to reduced breastfeeding, allergies, or metabolic inefficiencies. While nutritional interventions show promise as a supplement to traditional therapy, ADHD remains a complex neurodevelopmental disorder requiring comprehensive, individualized treatment approaches. Additional research is needed to clarify the metabolic pathways involved and determine the therapeutic potential of targeted omega-3 supplementation.