Habitable Conditions Required for Space Settlement

Abstract

Space colonization is an advanced scientific and technological endeavor aimed at creating Earth-like environments beyond our planet. It supports deep-space research, enhances Earth’s economy through space-based industries, and ensures the long-term survival of humanity. First proposed in 1969, the concept of space habitation has evolved through various models, with the Stanford Torus—a donut-shaped habitat—emerging as the most feasible design. This study proposes a modified dual-torus model, where the upper torus accommodates human habitation, agriculture, and commercial zones, while the lower torus is dedicated to waste management and industrial operations. We examine the structural modifications and explore sustainable technologies, including advanced closed-loop systems, water recycling showers, and methane-based bioplastics. Our findings highlight the viability of this design in creating a self-sustaining habitat, providing insights into the infrastructure and operational strategies required for long-term space colonization.